The Low Background Beta counting systems manufactured by NUCLEONIX essentially consist of the following constituent units.

• Mini Bin MB403 & Power supply PS403.
• High Voltage Units (Two Nos) HV 502.
• Coincidence Analyzer – CA570.
• Dual Counter Timer- CT542A.
• Plastic scintillator based main & guard counter.
• Lead Shielding Enclosure.

Two High Voltage Units of this counting system are used for biasing the Guard counter and Main counter respectively. Outputs from these counters are routed through coincidence analyser unit. The output signals from these two detectors are then fed to the coincidence unit for obtaining both coincidence and Anti-Coincidence outputs which are in turn fed to the Dual counter timer unit. This system is very useful in estimating gross beta activity in environmental samples and samples of low specific beta activity. The twin advantages of low background and high efficiency offers excellent sensitivity for this counting system. Brief specifications of individual constituent units are given as follows. Brief specifications of individual constituent units are given as follows.

1. Mini Bin (MB 403) :

MINIM INSTRUMENTATION BIN is a standard Minibin designed to power Standard Nuclear Instrumentation Modules with 24-pin type of power connectors. It provides mounting space for 8 standard module widths of the 8 ¾ inch high type. The eight corresponding module connectors are provided with necessary wiring for distribution of all standard power supply voltages, +/-12V & +/-24V DC.

2. Power supply (PS 403) :

Operating Voltage: 230V AC, 50Hz. Out put Voltage: +12V @1.5A, -12V@1.5A, +24V@0.75A. Regulation (Line & Load): + 0.5% from no load to full load. Ripple: Less than 10mV (rms) peak to peak at full load.

3. High Voltage Unit (HV 502):

Output Voltage: 0V to 2000V continuously variable by a ten turn helipot provided on front panel. (All specifications are valid from 10V to 2000V). Output Current: It can deliver upto a maximum of 1mA. Line & Load Regulation: Better than 0.05% of full scale..

4. Coincidence Analyzer (CA570) :

This unit is a two bit module which receives the output pulses from both guard and main counters converts these signals to TTL levels and checks for coincidence and anti-co-incidence condition to give both outputs i.e., anti-co-incidence output is released if there is output due to main counter only and there is no guard counter output with in its occurance. Also if guard counter output comes first, then further upto its pulse duration any output coming from the main counter will be treated as co-incidence event. Output(s) from this unit are counted in a Dual counter timer.

5. Dual Counter Timer (CT542A) :

Count Input(s) IN1 & IN2:	100mV to 10V, unipolar or positive bipolar semi-gaussian pulse
Pulse Width :	1µsec (min).
Polarity :	Positive or Negative
Input Impedance :	5.0 K ohms.
Input Counts Capacity :	999999 counts
Input Frequency (max) :	1 MHz.
Pulse Height Discrimination :	100mV – 10V by a trimpot provided (inside) on PCB.
Counts Indication :	16 x 2 dotmatrix LCD display.

Modes of Data Acquisition :

a. Counts for a preset time b. CPS c. CPM TIMER: Preset Time Setting : Programmable through tactile switch control buttons. Control Buttons : START, STOP, PROG, STORE, INC, DEC. Preset Time / Elapsed Time Indication: On 16 x 2 LCD Dot matrix display. Preset Time Range : 1 to 99999 sec. Printer Port : Built-in Serial Port : RS 232C built-in

Additional Options:(at extra cost) :

a. Data communication Software for down loading of data can be given at extra cost. b. Printer.

Module connector :

Amphenol Connector Type: 26-159-24P-H (24 Pin Type) or NIM Standard as per AEC specifications TID 20893 (Rev) Type : AMP 204186-5.

6. Plastic scintillator based Beta Counter Main Counter

Operating Voltage :	900 – 1000V.
Sensitive Area :	28mm Ø.
Energy range :	50keV to 3 MeV.
Calibration Accuracy :	+/- 15% with Sr90.
Operating Voltage :	900 – 1000V.
Sensitive Area :	50mm f
Background (Inside the shield) :	< 50 cpm.

12. MINIMUM DETECTABLE ACTIVITY (MDA) CALCULATIONS :

The minimum detectable activity is that amount of activity under the same counting time gives a count which is different from the background by 3 times the standard deviation of the background counting rate. MDA=BG (cpm) + {(3*(BG)1/2 )/t} Where t is the time in minutes Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) calculations for Low Background Beta Counting System (LB615): For Counting samples. Example (1) : What is the MDA for a counter with background of 120 counts in 1 hour? MDA = {2+ {(3*(120)1/2)/60} =2+ {(3*10.95)/60} =2.5475 CPM =0.0424 CPS. Thus any gross beta counts over 2.5475CPM can be considered to be due to radioactivity. That is to say any gross counts above 153 counts per hour can be considered to be due to radioactivity. To calculate the MDA in terms of Bq, divide by the efficiency of the detector The lower the MDA, the more accurately the activity of samples with low counting rates can be determined. This can be statistically achieved by increasing the counting time and /or by decreasing the BG. Example (2) : What is the MDA (in Bq) for a counter with background of 120 counts in 60 minutes and an efficiency of 40% for the nuclide of interest? MDA = {(3*(120)1/2)/60} =0.5477 CPM =0.5477/0.40 (efficiency) =1.369 DPM 1.369 DPM=0.022 DPS or 0.022Bq